One of my new projects dynamically generates a UI based on a DSL entered by the user. This leads to a host of defensive coding challenges since there is multiple code paths that can add controls and their associated gesture recognizers.

I found it helpful to add guard statements that stop recognizers from being added twice. The same approach is used for controls, but that is a different topic.

The below utility function can be used to check if the provided recognizer is already in the recognizer collection associated with an object.

The following code shows the utility function in action. All you have to do is incorporate containsGestureRecognizer into your guard statements.

Although really an edge case this was a fun bit of code to try out.

UIWebView in great for displaying HTML formatting information in your app.  In many cases you might be displaying fragments you didn’t create opening the door for links your user might action.  By default your embedded UIWebView will follow the link which can lead to an odd user experience.  There are several options for handling this including opening the SFSafariViewController.  Since a majority of text I will be displaying doesn’t have links I will just be using openURL to open the link in Safari. With the back button introduced in iOS9 this simplistic user experience can be added in just a few lines of code. The below walks through what is needed to implement this approach.

Adding the delegate

First the UIWebViewDelegate Protocol needs to be added to your controller.   This allows us to override the necessary loading content methods.

import UIKit

class ViewController: UIViewController, UIWebViewDelegate {

    @IBOutlet weak var webView: UIWebView!
    let html = "<div>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet..."

}

Next in your viewDidLoad override method set the delegate method of your UIWebView to the controller, ie self.

override func viewDidLoad() {
    super.viewDidLoad()
    self.webView.delegate = self
    self.webView.loadHTMLString(html, baseURL: nil)
}

Loading Content

The final step is to add the webView:shouldStartLoadWithRequest:navigationType: method. This will be called whenever content is loaded or a navigation action such as clicking on a link is called.

func webView(webView: UIWebView, shouldStartLoadWithRequest request: NSURLRequest, navigationType: UIWebViewNavigationType) -> Bool {

    if navigationType == UIWebViewNavigationType.LinkClicked {
        UIApplication.sharedApplication().openURL(request.URL!)
        return false
    }
    
    return true
}

You will notice we are checking if the navigationType  is LinkClicked  and then using openURL to open the link in Safari.  It is important to note that if this is a link we return false. This will stop the UIWebView from loading the link content.  Otherwise we always return true so the HTML passed to the UIWebView will load as expected.

The Result

With our delegate and content loading method in place Safari will load each time the user taps on a link in your UIWebView.  The following shows this snippet in action.

A gist with the complete code is available here.

UIWebView is one of the most useful controls in UIKit and has almost a limitless amount of options you can configure.   My use case isn’t all that unique I’m simply displaying snippets of HTML email messages in a full screen UIViewController.  The need to set the background color of the UIWebView is the only thing that makes this more than just a simple drag and drop in Interface Builder.  Although this can all be done in 2-3 lines of code I thought it would be fun to share the combinations.

The Starting Snippet…

The code we are using for this experiment couldn’t be simpler consisting of a UIWebView that takes up most of the screen. We’ll use this snippet for our background experiments.

import UIKit

class ViewController: UIViewController {
    @IBOutlet weak var webView: UIWebView!
    let html = "<div>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet...</div>"
    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        self.view.backgroundColor = UIColor.lightGrayColor()
        self.webView.delegate = self
        self.webView.loadHTMLString(html, baseURL: nil)
    }
}

UIWebView Default Behavior

Let’s start with our default behavior.  When you overscroll you can see the linen background.  For my use case I want to replace the background linen with a solid color.

UIWebView White Background

By adding two lines of code, the background linen has been replaced with a white background.

self.webView.opaque = true
self.webView.backgroundColor = UIColor.whiteColor()

UIWebView Underlying UIView

Since the background UIView for our UIViewController is lightGrayColor we can set the backgroundColor of the UIWebView to clearColor to have our overscroll exposure the underlying UIView.  This is a nice option if you have a background image or treatment you want to expose to the user when they overscroll.

self.webView.opaque = true
self.webView.backgroundColor = UIColor.clearColor()

UIWebView Transparent Background

By changing opaque to false we show the background view under the contents of the UIWebView.  This is outside my use case but can see where this could be a useful technique for overlaying text.

self.webView.opaque = false
self.webView.backgroundColor = UIColor.clearColor()

Gist to the example code is available here.

I use Google Analytics to collect usage statistics across both my web and mobile applications.  There are a few great AngularJS and other libraries that track page usage automatically when a controller is initialized.  Using these concepts I wanted to create my own similar approach in Swift.  The end result of this is the creation of a simple BaseController which makes an analytics call when viewDidLoad is called.

class BaseController: UIViewController {

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        Analytics().screenView(self.controllerName)
    }

}

Deconstructing this simple one line method call you will notice there are an extension method called controllerName passed into a static method on the analytics struct.  The controllerName references the below extension method and simply is used to get the name of the UIViewController so that we can track usage by the screen name.  Below is a snippet with the code for this extension method.

extension UIViewController {

    var controllerName: String {
        return NSStringFromClass(self.classForCoder).componentsSeparatedByString(".").last!
    }

}

The analytics struct is an anti corruption layer that I’ve added to my app to wrap the underlying Google Analytics code.  This also provides a layer of abstraction which helps combat the fact that Xcode randomly makes the Google Analytics Objective-C references invalid.  The Analytics struct is used in two places in my app. First it is initialized in my app delegate, then it is used within my BaseController to record feature usage.

Before we get to the Analytics struct code below is the snippet using in my app delegate used to create a default tracker with our Google Analytics key.

Analytics.createTracker(Analytics.GAToken.QAKey.rawValue)

Once initialized the Analytics struct method screenView is used on each viewDidLoad call to record that a UIViewController has been viewed.

import Google

public struct Analytics {

    enum GAToken: String {
        case QAKey = "UPDATE-WITH-QA-KEY"
        case ProdKey = "UPDATE-WITH-PROD-KEY"
    }

    public static func createTracker(key: String) {
        GAI.sharedInstance().trackerWithTrackingId(key)
        GAI.sharedInstance().logger.logLevel = GAILogLevel.None
        GAI.sharedInstance().trackUncaughtExceptions = true
    }

    private func getTracker() -> GAITracker {
        return GAI.sharedInstance().defaultTracker
    }

    public func screenView(name: String) {
        let tracker = getTracker()
        tracker.set(kGAIScreenName, value: name)
        let builder = GAIDictionaryBuilder.createScreenView()
        tracker.send(builder.build() as [NSObject : AnyObject])
    }
}

Although there are more comprehensive Analytics (Google or other) approaches I’ve found this straightforward approach provides the basics in away that works for me.

Helpful Links:

• gist with source code available here
• Google Analytics on CocoaPods here
• Google Analytics for iOS resources

For my current project we’ve got a design requirement that all screens have a simple “Back” button instead of the default text that iOS provides when pushing a new controller.

I found that Swift’s inheritance model combined with extensions methods make this simple to implement in a re-usable fashion.  To start this approach, I implemented a based controller which I called  BaseController that manages the title of the backBarButtonItem.  This is automatically handled by just inheriting from the BaseController.  In the below example we create a new NotificationController using this pattern.

import UIKit

class NotificationController: BaseViewController {

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
    }

}

The BaseController only has two lines of code.  The first creates a string with the title of the back button. The second calls an extension method that manages the back button title information.

import UIKit

class BaseViewController: UIViewController {

    override func viewDidLoad() {

        super.viewDidLoad()

        let backTitle = NSLocalizedString("Back", comment: "Back button label")
        self.addBackbutton(backTitle)

    }

}

The heavy lifting is performed in the UIViewController extension.  Using the addBackbutton method to add a new UIBarButtonItem or update the current one’s title.  If a new UIBarButtonItem is added the backButtonAction method is added to dismiss the controller on press.

import UIKit

extension UIViewController {

    func backButtonAction() {
        self.dismissViewControllerAnimated(true, completion: nil)
    }

    func addBackbutton(title: String) {
        if let nav = self.navigationController,
            let item = nav.navigationBar.topItem {
            item.backBarButtonItem  = UIBarButtonItem(title: title, style: UIBarButtonItemStyle.Plain, target: self, action:
                #selector(self.backButtonAction))
        } else {
            if let nav = self.navigationController,
                let _ = nav.navigationBar.backItem {
                self.navigationController!.navigationBar.backItem!.title = title
            }
        }
    }
}

The full code is available as a gist here.

As part of a recent project I’ve been spending more time then I’d like with time zones.  In my case a variety of dates and time zone details are provided by a remote service. Having spent the last few years solving this type of problem with moment.js I was excited to see that NSTimeZone contained many of the same features.

The time zone information is provided in the IANA time zone database format.  I was really existed to see that you can create a new NSTimeZone using an IANA time zone name.  Below is an example using the Kuala Lumpur time zone.

let timeZone = NSTimeZone(name: "Asia/Kuala_Lumpur")
//What is the abbreviation
timeZone?.abbreviation
//Get the description with everything
timeZone?.description

So my first experiment was to parse the IANA time zones into a Swift String Array so that I could write a few Playground tests.  For this blog post we will show a few of the time zone names, instead of the full 417 item array.

let IANAtimeZones = ["Europe/Andorra","Asia/Dubai","Asia/Kabul",...]

* You can see the full array here

Next I found that the NSTimeZone method knownTimeZoneNames provides a list of all time zones iOS supports out of the box.  This gives me an easy way for me to later compare the IANA time zone database with those supported by iOS.  I use the below to get a list of those time zones known by iOS.

let iOStimeZones = NSTimeZone.knownTimeZoneNames()

To make writing any comparison testing alittle easier we create a method called tzExists.  This will allow us to compare a provided time zone name against all of those known by iOS.  In your production code you will want to cache the knownTimeZoneNames array for performance reasons.

func tzExists(name : String) -> Bool {
    return NSTimeZone.knownTimeZoneNames().contains(name)
}

Now that we have everything setup a simple loop can be used to compare our IANA time zones with those known to iOS.

for tz in IANAtimeZones {
    if(!tzExists(tz)) {
        print(tz + " not available")
    }
}

Oddly enough there are differences.  It could be I have an incomplete version of the IANA time zone database as iOS has 10 more known time zones then my IANA test harness.  Even with these differences the straight forward usage of NSTimeZone solves my problem perfectly.

Additional Resources:

• Playground : A playground which shows the above objects, tests, and methods is available here.
• Gist : The playground is available as a gist here.